From to , ECT was administered over 22, times to more than 2, patients. The number of ECT procedures administered increased 11 percent over four years. The average number of ECT treatments per patient also rose, from 9.
He adapted electric shock techniques used to stun animals to create ECT. It will kill me! In , he introduced the electroshock procedure to France, Holland and England, and later helped pioneer it in the United States. One study conducted in the s found that 20 percent of patients administered electroshock suffered compression fractures of the vertebrae. Both the book and the film have been credited with irreparably tarnishing the image of ECT, with the public viewing it as dangerous and inhumane, which helped quicken its departure from mainstream mental health care at that time.
These devices are known as preamendments devices as they were marketed prior to the legal amendments that gave the FDA the authority to regulate devices. This is called a Premarket Approval application PMA and consists of scientific and regulatory documentation—including clinical trials—that demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of the device. On September 5, the FDA issued another proposed rule indicating its intent to reclassify the ECT device to Class II for severe depression but to remain as Class III for all other indications—although it had no clinical trials to substantiate this decision.
The purpose was so the FDA could determine whether to reclassify the device or require premarket approval applications. In April, the FDA once again issued an order requiring ECT device manufacturers submit any information known to them about the device, including adverse safety or effectiveness information, this time setting a deadline of August In September, the FDA opened a public docket for information and comments on the reclassification of ECT devices, requesting all comments by January 9, Additionally, there were 92 group submissions, representing 6, individuals against reclassification and only individuals in favor of reclassification.
The majority of respondents identified an adverse event they felt was associated with ECT including memory adverse events, cognitive complaints, brain damage and death. The panel did not reach a consensus on classification of ECT for catatonia or depression.
So different sets of treatments or …? Yeah yeah. But for me I think it was lifesaving and I became well again very, very quickly and within a couple of weeks of being in hospital I had got myself a Sunday job and I was back functioning normally. You know, when I had a few days in hospital of feeling really well and then I was discharged and I continued to feel well after that. Tania had been very ill and in and out of hospital and it took a while to come to terms with her depression.
And I had been, you know, over a year of being in and out of hospital and very dangerously ill. And I gave the ECT a try and I had seven or eight, I had eight treatments ultimately, but I think after the seventh one I just woke up and the whole thing had lifted and it was quite incredible.
And after that, I mean, it took some time, it took some time to make a full recovery, because, you know, after the experiences of the previous year and I was, I was really in pieces and I, you know, took a while, over the course of the next few months I needed to get my sleep sorted out and I just needed to come to terms with the anxiety that whole, the whole episode had produced for me.
And I had some cognitive behaviour which really helped me, like, get sort of relaxed and face kind of getting back to life again and just kind of get over what happened. It was not a change in her mood but in her energy level, returning to her talkative active self. It really, really picked up. She was much more talkative, you know, she was doing. Because that was what she had been like ordinarily, kind of get involved in everything. But the really odd thing was that her, it was like her energy had recovered ahead of her actual mood and her actual thinking.
It was like, she was kind of cheerful, but she would be cheerfully saying really kind of dark things you know, so it was, it was like her thinking was the last thing to recover, but it felt. It felt really encouraging, it felt really positive and it felt really kind of exciting.
That this… this thing was going to work. Especially because everybody had been talking about it as the kind of last option. For Kathleen ECT had a more gradual effect. She found that she began to not have so many suicidal thoughts and that they were less intrusive. What was the effect? I remember some of the things that I did on the ward, like sort of the occupational therapy type things.
It certainly must have been a lower dose and although you come round very quickly from it. Sometimes I would sleep afterwards for a while, sometimes I would be wide awake and just be able to carry on. Other times I was totally disorientated and not, not know where I am or where my room is or whatever for a while. And I was able to do other things like these other activities that we did on the ward. Steve thinks that although ECT does work, she now seems to need more treatments before she responds.
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