Meanwhile, a civil war had broken out in Peru between the supporters of Francisco Pizarro and those of Diego de Almagro. Manco waited patiently in Vitcos while his enemies made war on one another. The civil wars would eventually claim the lives of both Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro; Manco must have been pleased to see his old foes brought down. In , Manco decided it was time to strike again. Last time, he had led a massive army in the field and had been defeated: he decided to try new tactics this time.
He sent out word to local chieftains to attack and wipe out any isolated Spanish garrisons or expeditions. The strategy worked, to an extent: some Spanish individuals and small groups were killed and travel through Peru became very unsafe. The Spanish responded by sending another expedition after Manco and traveling in larger groups. The natives did not succeed, however, in securing an important military victory or driving the hated Spanish out. By Manco was once again in hiding in the Vilcabamba Valley.
In the civil wars broke out again as supporters of Diego de Almagro's son assassinated Francisco Pizarro in Lima. For a few months, Almagro the Younger ruled in Peru, but he was defeated and executed.
Seven of Almagro's Spanish supporters, knowing they would be executed for treason if captured, showed up in Vilcabamba asking for sanctuary. Manco granted them entrance: he put them to work training his soldiers in horsemanship and the use of Spanish armor and weapons.
These treacherous men murdered Manco sometime in mid They were hoping to gain a pardon for their support of Almagro, but instead they were quickly tracked down and killed by some of Manco's soldiers. Manco's first rebellion of represented the last, best chance the native Andeans had of kicking out the hated Spanish. Manco was one of the many sons of Huayna Capac, ruler of the Inca Empire. Huayna Capac died in and a war of succession broke out among two of his sons, Atahualpa and Huascar.
Atahualpa's base of power was in the north, in and around the city of Quito, while Huascar held Cuzco and the south. Manco was one of several princes who supported Huascar's claim.
In , Atahualpa defeated Huascar. Just then, however, a group of Spaniards arrived under Francisco Pizarro : they took Atahualpa captive and threw the Inca Empire into chaos.
Like many in Cuzco who had supported Huascar, Manco initially saw the Spaniards as saviors. The Spanish executed Atahualpa and found they needed a puppet Inca to rule the Empire while they plundered it. They settled on one of Huayna Capac's other sons, Tupac Huallpa. He died of smallpox shortly after his coronation, however, so the Spanish selected Manco, who had already proven himself loyal by fighting alongside the Spanish against rebellious natives from Quito.
He was formally crowned Inca the word Inca is similar in meaning to king or emperor in December of At first, he was an eager, compliant ally of the Spanish: he was happy that they had selected him for the throne: as his mother had been lesser nobility, he most likely never would have been Inca otherwise.
He helped the Spanish put down rebellions and even organized a traditional Inca hunt for the Pizarros. Manco may have been Inca, but his empire was falling apart. Packs of Spanish rode across the land, looting and murdering.
The natives in the northern half of the empire, still loyal to the murdered Atahualpa, were in open revolt. Regional chiefs, who had seen the Inca royal family fail to repel the hated invaders, took on more autonomy. In Cuzco, Spaniards openly disrespected Manco: his home was robbed on more than one occasion and the Pizarro brothers, who were the de facto rulers of Peru, did nothing about it.
Manco was allowed to preside over traditional religious rituals, but Spanish priests were putting pressure on him to abandon them. The Empire was slowly but surely deteriorating. The Spanish were openly contemptuous of Manco. His house was robbed, he was repeatedly threatened to produce more gold and silver, and the Spanish even spat upon him occasionally. The worst abuses came when Francisco Pizarro went to found the city of Lima on the coast and left his brothers Juan and Gonzalo Pizarro in charge in Cuzco.
Both brothers tormented Manco, but Gonzalo was the worst. He demanded her for himself, causing a great scandal among what was left of the Inca ruling class. Manco deceived Gonzalo for a while with a double, but it didn't last and eventually, Gonzalo stole Manco's wife. Around this time a serious disagreement broke out among the Spanish conquistadors. The conquest of Peru had originally been undertaken by a partnership between two veteran conquistadors, Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro.
The Pizarros tried to cheat Almagro, who was rightfully irked. Later, the Spanish crown divided the Inca Empire between the two men, but the wording of the order was vague, leading both men to believe that Cuzco belonged to them.
The mummified remains of previous emperors were also treated as sacred figures and paraded around at ceremonies with their stores of gold and silver. Upon ascending to the throne in , Topa Inca Yupanqui pushed the southern border of the empire to the Maule River in modern-day Chile, and instituted a tribute system in which each province provided women to serve as temple maidens or brides for celebrated soldiers.
His successor, Huayna Capac, embarked on successful northern campaigns that carried to the Ancasmayo River, the current boundary between Ecuador and Colombia.
Meanwhile, the arrival of Spanish explorers had already triggered the collapse of the state. The Spanish carried such alien diseases as smallpox, which wiped out a huge chunk of the population before killing Huayna Capac and his chosen successor around That sparked a civil war as would-be emperors battled for power, with Atahualpa eventually outlasting his half-brother, Huascar, to grab the throne.
Enamored by the stories of Inca wealth, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro lured Atahualpa to meeting for a supposed dinner in his honor and kidnapped the emperor in November Atahualpa was executed the following summer, and although the Spanish were far outnumbered by the locals, they easily sacked Cusco in late with their superior weaponry.
Attempting to keep the peace, the Spanish installed a young prince named Manco Inca Yupanqui as a puppet king, a move that backfired during a spirited rebellion in However, Manco Inca Yupanqui and his men were eventually forced to retreat to the jungle village of Vilcabamba, which remained the last stronghold of the empire until As the only written accounts of the Inca were composed by outsiders, its mythology and culture passed to successive generations by trained storytellers.
Traces of its existence were mainly found in the ruins of cities and temples, but in archaeologist Hiram Bingham discovered the intact 15th century mountaintop citadel of Machu Picchu , its magnificent stone structures reflecting the power and capabilities of this massive Pre-Colombian state.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Tucked away in the rocky countryside northwest of Cuzco, Peru, Machu Picchu is believed to have been a royal estate or sacred religious site for Inca leaders, whose civilization was virtually wiped out by Spanish invaders in the 16th century. For hundreds of years, until the However, they when the Spanish explorers first encountered them the Inca were coming off a debilitating civil war and in the middle of a smallpox epidemic.
The civil war was between two brothers who both claimed the throne- Atahuallpa and Huascar. The war was only ended when Atahuallpa killed his brother, however, the kingdom was left weakened. Pizarro appeared and Atahuallpa was carried to him on a golden throne lined with parakeet feathers wearing a necklace of large green emeralds and gold ornaments in his hair. The wealth hungry Spanish were immediately interested.
Atahuallpa refused. He was the emperor of the Inca and had just fought his own brother to get there, now a bunch of strangers wanted him to give that up? I imagine some choice Incan words were also shared. The Spanish did not take kindly to this, and the Emperor was taken prisoner.
Realizing the Spanish were money hungry, Atahuallpa tried to bribe his way to freedom.
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